强调句型探究及考点解读

   湖南绥宁一中   胡培英

摘要：强调句型是高中英语中一个重要的语法项目，是高考常考点也是易错点之一，很多同学不知道如何去把握。其实强调句型的学习也可以变得很简单，下面就让我们一起通过分析，演练来搞定强调句型吧。

其基本结构为：It + be+ 被强调部分＋that型；Wh-type型强调句。

关键词：强调句型基本用法  探究 考点解读 实战演练

试看以下四个练习题，你能分清它们是否强调句型？

1.It was only my mother that  who could remember it was my birthday.

2.It was____ he refused to obey the policeman_____he was sent to the police station.  ( A )    

 A． Because,that   B． that；so      C． Because；when     D． that；when 

3.It was ten o'clock _____ I went to bed last night.(  when )

4.It was at ten o'clock _____ I went to bed last night.(that)

本文拟结合高考试题对强调句型的用法作如下归纳：

一、基本用法

1．在强调句型中，能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语、宾语、状语等，不能用来强调谓语动词、表语、补语、让步状语、条件状语等。当被强调部分为sb.，且在句中作主语时，可用who，也可用that，其它情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称与数保持一致。如：

I’m going to meet my friend at the airport tomorrow.→

It is I who am going to meet my friend at the airport tomorrow.(强调主语)

It is my friend that I’m going to meet at the airport tomorrow.(强调宾语)

It is at the airport that I’m going to meet my friend tomorrow.(强调地点状语)

It is tomorrow that I’m going to meet my friend at the airport.(强调时间状语)

2．在强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单数还是复数，be动词一律用单数is/was形式。如果原句的谓语动词时态是过去范畴，就用was; 如果原句的谓语动词时态是现在范畴，就用is。也可以用"情态动词＋be"形式。例如：

It is Tom and Mary who will be fined.

It was yesterday that he arrived here.

It might be in the morning that he broke into the house.

二、考点解读

1．强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：“Is /Was it+被强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分?”

例1．Was it during the Second World War ____ he died?

    A. that   B. while   C. in which   D. then

解析：此句为强调句的一般疑问句。强调时间状语，故选_A。

例2．Was   A  that I saw last night at the concert?

A. it you   B. not you    C. you   D. that yourself

例3．--- Wasn’t it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?

　　 --- ______.

A. I didn’t know he was　B. Yes, it was

C. No, he wasn’t　D. Yes, he did

解析：此句为强调句的一般疑问句的否定形式。其回答有两种可能：“Yes, it was”或“No, it wasn’t”，故选___B__.

2．强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that...？注意在强调句的疑问句型中，强调标志that/who后只能使用陈述语序。

例4． Why! I have nothing to confess. _____ you want me to say?(上海)

A. What is it that B. What it is that

C. How is it that D. How it is that

解析：此题考查强调句中强调疑问词时语序的排列。这是一个特殊疑问句,say后面缺少宾语，所以用what ,故选_A__

例5．I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn’t matter ____ I am making to .

A who is it B who it is C it is who D it is whom

3．强调主语、宾语。

例6．It is these poisonous products ____ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (NMET03)

A. who     B. that    C. how     D. what

解析：此题强调主语these poisonous products. 把it is……that去掉，句意仍完整。故选B.

例7．It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages ______ attracted the audience’s interest. (上海)

A. so that B. that C. what D. in which

解析：此题强调主语从句how the young man had learned five foreign languages。把it was……that去掉，句意仍完整。故选___B_.

例8．It was the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one     B. that    C. what    D. it

4．强调状语

强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that，不能用when, where, why或how。如：

例9．It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

    A. that  B. until  C. before  D. when

例10．It was after he got what he had desired ___he realized it was not so important.

A.that   B.when   C.since   D. as

例11．It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty.  

A. until   B. that    C. then    D. so

例12．It was because of bad weather ____ the football match had to be put off.

    A. so  B. so that  C. why  D. that

例13．It was where there had been a theatre ____ they built a new modern school.

    A. where  B. in which C. that  D.so

例14．It was only with the help of the local people ___ .

A.was the mountain climber rescued       B.that the mountain climber was rescued

C.when the mountain climber was rescued  D.then mountain climber was rescued

特别提示：对“not...until...”结构的强调，要用“It is/was not until...that...”这一固定句型。由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。同时要注意不能使用倒装语序。如：

例15．It was not ____ she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star.

A. when; that     B. until; that  C. until; when    D. when; then

解析：此题强调until引导的时间状语从句until she took off her dark glasses，要将not until放在一起置于It was/is之后。故选  B_.

例16．It was ______ back home after the experiment. (湖北)

A. not until midnight did he go

B. until midnight that he didn’t go

C. not until midnight that he went

D. until midnight when he didn’t go

答案选   C 

5. 强调句型与相关句型的辨析

强调句型极易与下列句型混淆,故高考也常考查这方面的内容。做题时首先判断该题是否为强调句型。把“It be …that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整（被强调部分要还原到原位置），那么这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。

易混句型1：It be+段时间+ since ...“自从……以来”

该句型中的be动词通常为一般现在时态或现在完成时态,since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。

例17．That was really a splendid evening. It' s years ____ I enjoyed myself

so much. (安徽 09)

A. when    B. that   C. before   D. since

解析：答案为D.since引导时间状语从句，it表示时间

易混句型2：It be+点时间+ when ...＂当……的时候，是……＂

该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句。Be动词的时态没有明确限制，点时间前不加介词。

例18. —Did Jack come back early last night?

 —Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.

A. before B. when C. that D. until

解析：答案为B.when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间。

易混句型3：It be+段时间+ before ...“多久之后才……”、“不久……就……”

该句型主句中be动词的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , days , weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。例如：

例19． --- How long do you think it will be ______ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?

   --- Perhaps two or three years.  A. when    B. until   C. that   D. before

二、  结合特殊疑问词构成特殊疑问句形式

句式特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…？

1．___ is it ___has made Peter __he is today?

A. What; that; that           B. That; that; what

C. What; what; that          D. What; that; what

[简析]：本题结构复杂，乍看难以理清，请看下面两句：

It is determination that has made Peter what he is today.

对划线部分提问→What is it that has made Peter what he is today?

对照原题，则答案为D。

2．How is it that she turned down our help?

什么原因使得…？

3．Where was it that you met Tom yesterday? 

究竟在哪…？

4．When was it that you met him in the park? 

究竟何时…？

5．When and where was it that you got to know Mary? 究竟在何时何地…？

6．Who was it that that came up with the bright idea? 究竟是谁…？

7．Which book is it that you want to buy?

究竟是哪一本书…？

8．Whose umbrella was it that you took away?

到底是谁的伞…？

强调句型的反意疑问句形式

句式特征为：It is/was+被强调部分+that…，isn’t / wasn’t it？

9．It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, ______?

A. do they    B. didn’t they   C. wasn’t it   D. was it

[简析]：答案C. 此种情况下疑问句中的主语应与强调句型中的主语it保持一致，不能和被强调部分中的名词或代词保持一致，并要遵守“前肯定后否定”的原则。

含有“让步含义”的强调句型在翻译成汉语时要注意“反译”。

10.It is a wise father that knows his own child.

再英明的父亲也不会理解他自己的子女。

11.It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.

再聪明的人也会犯错误。

12.It is not help but obstacles that make a man.

[简析]：本句译为“使人成才的，不是助力，而是阻力”。注意obstacles和make形成主谓一致关系。

13．Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, ______ to blame.

A. is        B. that is       C. are        D. who are

[简析]：此句被强调部分中的the sales manager，通过rather than与the sales girls形成比较结构，再考虑到主谓一致的原则，应选__B__。

实战演练：

 1.I’ve already forgotten _________you put the dictionary.

A. that it was there               B. where was it that

C. that where it was              D. where it was that

2.It was at the very beginning ____Mr. Fox made the decision _____ we should send more firefighters there.

A. when; which    B. where; what    C. then; so             D. that; that

3.It was in the small house _____was built with stones by his father ____he spent his childhood.

A. which; that      B. that; where    

C. which; which    D. that; which

4.It was playing computer games ______cost the boy plenty of time ______ he ought to have spent doing his lessons.

5．Is _____three hours ______the boy _______family is poor to come to school on foot?

A. it; that; whose     

B. it; that it takes; whose

C. it for; that it takes; whose        

D. it; when; that;

[简析]：本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式It takes sb some time to do sth.的糅合。

6.It was until last year that he ____.

A. left school for a new start

B. came to realize the importance of learning English

C. worked as an English teacher at a middle school

D. set out to build a new house of his own

7.——He was nearly drowned once.

——When was _______?

——It was in 1998 _____ he was in middle school. 

A. that; when        B. this; that        

C. this; when       D. that; that

8.It was in 1969 ____ the America Astronauts succeeded ____ landing on the moon.

9.A.when,on  B.that,on  C.when,in   D.that,in

9.It was on a cold winter night ______ Tom was waiting for his girlfriend to see a movie with him ________ the accident occurred.

10.Is it the school _____ we visited three years ago______ has changed rapidly?

答案：1-3DDA  4.that；which/that  5.B  6.C  7.A  8.D  9.when;that10.which/that; that

在中学英语课本中还多次出现"What…be…"结构的句型（简称wh-type强调句），它同样具有很浓的强调意 味，例如：

   What we need is more time.   我们需要更多的时间。

   我们可以用对待It-type强调句的方法，把"What…be…"作为一个框架而划

去，所剩的也是一个完整的句子 ：We need more time.

   不同的是，what和be在句子中都可以担任成份。上面这个句子可以看成是

What引导一个主语从句，而be则 是系动词，后接表语。

   Wh-type强调句可用来强调主语、宾语、表语，例如：

   But what surprised me most was to see some of the villagepeople seated

on the benches at the end of the room.

   然而，最使我奇怪的是看到村子里的一些人坐在教室后头的长凳上。

   But what he was really interested in was beautiful paintings.

   但是他真正感兴趣的是美丽的画。

   What I feel is hungry.

   我所感到的就是饿。

wh-type强调句还可以通过使用代动词do来强调句中的谓语动词或作宾语

补足语的非谓语动词，例如：

   What I did was (to) turn off the tap. 我所做的就是把水龙头关了。

   What I want you to do is (to) clean the room. 我要你做的就是打扫房间。

   注意，这一句型中be后面作表语的不定式可以省略to，如果所强调的动词

是进行体，那么be之后用-ing形 式和它相配，例如：

 __What___ I'm doing is teaching him a lesson.

   我现在这样做是为了给他一次教训。

   Wh-type强调句的wh-从句，有时可能是以who,where或when引起的，它们

通常只用作表语，例如：

   The headmaster was __who_ I meant.

   我指的就是校长。

   Here is _where_ the accident took place.

   这儿就是事故发生的地方。

   (On)Saturday is __when__ the housewivues are busiest.

   星期六是家庭主妇们最忙的日子。

   另外也值得一提的是"A is A"这一结构的强调句型，这类句子的语势是很强

的，例如：

   You are quite right.Teacher is teacher.

   你说得完全对，老师毕竟是老师。

   Business is business.One can't too particular. 公事公办，谁也不能特殊。

   当名词前带有修饰语时，表语常含有"真正的"的意思，例如：

   Spoken English is English. 英语口语才是真正的英语。

   A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难朋友才是真朋友。

   这种句型中的A，如果是who,what,which,则具有"分辨出"的意思，常作

动词tell,know等动词的宾语，例 如：

   The two brothers are so nearly alike that I can't tell who is who.

   这两兄弟长得太相象了，我简直区分不了。

   He's very clear and knows what's __what____.

   他很聪明，懂得是非曲直。

（此文在2011年参评中国当代教育学会论文大赛获叁等奖）